Paraguay Coronavirus - K.L.B Piyathilaka
2022-10-08
1. Background
1.1 Introduction
Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. It has a population of 7 million, nearly 3 million of whom live in the capital and largest city of Asunción, and its surrounding metro. Although one of only two landlocked countries in South America (Bolivia is the other), Paraguay has ports on the Paraguay and Paraná rivers that give exit to the Atlantic Ocean, through the Paraná-Paraguay Waterway.Spanish conquistadores arrived in 1524, and in 1537, they established the city of Asunción, the first capital of the Governorate of the Río de la Plata.During the 17th century, Paraguay was the center of Jesuit missions, where the native Guaraní people were converted to Christianity and introduced to European culture.After the expulsion of the Jesuits from Spanish territories in 1767,Paraguay is a developing country.It is a founding member of Mercosur, the United Nations, the Organization of American States, the Non-Aligned Movement and the Lima Group. Additionally, the city of Luque, in metropolitan Asuncion, is the seat of the South American Football Confederation.The majority of Paraguay’s seven million people are mestizo, and Guarani culture remains widely influential; more than 90% of the population speak various dialects of the Guarani language alongside Spanish. Despite a history of poverty and political repression, in a 2017 Positive Experience Index based on global polling data, Paraguay ranked as the “world’s happiest place”
1.2 Geographical Location of Paraguay
1.3 Climate condition
The climate of Paraguay consists of a subtropical climate in the Paranaense region and a tropical climate in the Chaco. The Paranaense region has a humid climate, with abundant rainfall throughout the year and only moderate seasonal changes in temperature.The seasons in Paraguay are opposite to those in the northern hemisphere, meaning northern summer is Paraguayan winter, and vice versa.During summer, the dominant influence on the climate is the warm sirocco winds blowing out of the northeast.During the winter, the dominant wind is the cold pampero from the South Atlantic, which blows across Argentina and is deflected northeastward by the Andes in the southern part of that country. Because of the lack of topographic barriers within Paraguay, these opposite prevailing winds bring about abrupt and irregular changes in the usually moderate weather. Winds are generally brisk. Velocities of 160 kilometres per hour (99 mph) have been reported in southern locations, and the town of Encarnación was once leveled by a tornado
1.3 Lock-down status of paraguay
The COVID-19 pandemic in Paraguay is part of the ongoing worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was confirmed to have reached Paraguay on March 7, 2020, in a 32-year-old man from Guayaquil, Ecuador, living in San Lorenzo, Central Department. Three days later, on March 10, 2020, a second case was confirmed in a 61-year-old man who traveled from Argentina; the same day three more cases were confirmed. Due to this spike, the government began imposing the first measures to stop the disease from spreading.
On March 10, 2020, the Paraguayan government suspended classes and all activities that involved groups of people, as well as public and private events, with the goal of avoiding the spread of the virus, pursuant to Decree no. 3442/2020.[4] Other preventive measures were adopted, such as commerce and movement restrictions, suspension of flights, border closures, curfews, and strengthening controls to ensure compliance with the measure
2. Exploratory Data Analysis
In the data set that we used,there are four qualitative variable and three quantitative variables as follows and There were same errors in given data set so we have to filter these errors in order to use data set as I found some case values have been entered as minus value.case value must be positive using R coding and statistics knowledge data set have been filtered and considering not-error data set for all plots have been plot Qualitative data date - The date of the summary province - The province or state, when applicable country - The country or region name type - The type of case (confirmed, death, recovered)
Quantitative data lat - Latitude point long - Longitude point cases - The number of daily cases (corresponding to the case type)
Data filtering and error clearing
Figure 1
Illustrates the confirmed cases that was reported in paraguay per each day. According to that graph COVID-19 have been controlled nicely until the end of 2020 by paraguay. But during the first half of the year 2021 cases have been significant growth in confirmed cases and finally from the beginning of 2022 it goes very high have hit the peak from after that there is a significant growth in confirmed cases
Figure 2
Above graph is a cumulative cases graph and according to that we can say that the rate of confirm cases is increasing during the time from second half of 2020 to first half of 2021 and the highest ratio have been recorded within first few month of 2022
Figure 3
The graph is showing that the death cases in paraguay with the time according to that we can see that death cases have been increased significantly during the 2020 last and 2021 first ,most death cases have happened during this time interval few months after number of death is decreased but still even 2022 number of death cases have been recorded are pretty high.
Figure 4
Above graph is a cumulative death cases graph and according to that we can say that the rate of death cases is increasing during the time from second half of 2020 to first half of 2021 and the highest ratio have been recorded within middle of the 2021 year.
Figure 5
The graph is showing that the recovered cases in paraguay with the time according to that we can see that recovery cases have been increased significantly during the 2020 and half of 2021 ,most recovery cases have happened during middle of 2021 few months after number of recovery cases is decreased and became to zero.
Figure 6
Above graph is a cumulative recovery cases graph and according to that we can say that the rate of recovery cases is increasing during the time from second harf of 2020 to first half of 2021.
Figure 8
The graph is showing that the active cases in paraguay with the time according to that we can see that active cases have been increased but not that ratio. Active cases have been increased immediately during 2022 first few months
South_America_cleared <- coronavirus %>% filter(continent_code == "SA",cases>=0)
countryselection<-South_America_cleared %>%filter(country==c("Argentina","Bolivia","Chile","Colombia","Peru","Venezuela", "Paraguay","Uruguay"))Figure 9
Figure 10
When we consider covid 19 in paraguay with other countries around, paraguay confirmed cases are very low and aragentina,chile,colombia and peru have highest number of cases .for death cases peru has highest number of cases paraguay cases are low with most country confirm result are pretty equal so we can say paraguay have faced very well to covid 19 and result are pretty good than most of other country.
## date province country lat
## Min. :2020-01-22 Length:2652 Length:2652 Min. :-23.44
## 1st Qu.:2020-08-29 Class :character Class :character 1st Qu.:-23.44
## Median :2021-04-07 Mode :character Mode :character Median :-23.44
## Mean :2021-04-07 Mean :-23.44
## 3rd Qu.:2021-11-14 3rd Qu.:-23.44
## Max. :2022-06-23 Max. :-23.44
## long type cases uid
## Min. :-58.44 Length:2652 Min. :-423964.0 Min. :600
## 1st Qu.:-58.44 Class :character 1st Qu.: 0.0 1st Qu.:600
## Median :-58.44 Mode :character Median : 17.0 Median :600
## Mean :-58.44 Mean : 253.5 Mean :600
## 3rd Qu.:-58.44 3rd Qu.: 512.0 3rd Qu.:600
## Max. :-58.44 Max. : 25833.0 Max. :600
## iso2 iso3 code3 combined_key
## Length:2652 Length:2652 Min. :600 Length:2652
## Class :character Class :character 1st Qu.:600 Class :character
## Mode :character Mode :character Median :600 Mode :character
## Mean :600
## 3rd Qu.:600
## Max. :600
## population continent_name continent_code Year_Month
## Min. :7132530 Length:2652 Length:2652 Min. :2020-01-01
## 1st Qu.:7132530 Class :character Class :character 1st Qu.:2020-08-01
## Median :7132530 Mode :character Mode :character Median :2021-04-01
## Mean :7132530 Mean :2021-03-23
## 3rd Qu.:7132530 3rd Qu.:2021-11-01
## Max. :7132530 Max. :2022-06-01This kind of data set help to analysis further about data set
4. Conclusions
paraguay is currently in a difficult situation. Confirmed cases have been increased in last months. paraguay faced such difficult situation at the end of 2020 and at the start of 2021. Somehow they have controlled that situation and they have managed to decrease the confirmed cases. But once again confirmed cases are increasing. The government of paraguay has been able to apply many successful public health response strategies and stabilize the progress of the disease. Once again those strategies should be restablish in order to minimize the impact of COVID-19 virus. When comparing death percentage in paraguay it has the lowest among the selected countries. This implies that paraguay health sector have done a great job to minimize the number of deaths happened due to COVID-19 pandemic.